150 practice questions and 100 flashcards covering the NSC Tourism curriculum: SA tourism, responsible tourism, world geography, tourism services, and hospitality.
Matric Tourism is a practical, South Africa-centred subject covering the mechanics of the tourism industry alongside the geography and attractions that make South Africa one of the world's premier destinations. Tour practice set covers Paper 1 (map work, calculations, weather interpretation) and Paper 2 (tourism industry structure, South African destinations, international tourism, and sustainable tourism).
South Africa's nine provinces, their capitals, main attractions, and key industries are core Paper 2 content. The flashcard set covers all provincial knowledge, SA national parks, World Heritage Sites, and the key tourism organisations in rapid-recall format.
Matric Tourism Grade 12 (NSC). The NSC Tourism curriculum covers the tourism industry in South Africa, tourism regions and attractions, responsible tourism, world geography and international tourism, tourism services (accommodation, transport, tour operations), tourism marketing, legislation and consumer protection, and career opportunities in tourism.
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Question 01 of 150
What is tourism?
Explanation: Tourism (UNWTO): visitor = traveller to destination outside usual environment, <1 year, not for employment. Tourist = overnight visitor. Same-day visitor (excursionist). Domestic, inbound, outbound tourism. One of world's largest industries.
Question 02 of 150
What is the difference between domestic and international tourism?
Explanation: Domestic tourism: largest volume but lower spend. Inbound tourism: foreign visitors → foreign exchange (valuable for SA). Outbound: SA residents abroad → forex leaves country. SA: all three important.
Question 03 of 150
What are the types of tourists?
Explanation: Tourist types: Leisure (beach, safari, cultural). VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives). MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions — high yield). Health/medical tourism (SA: growing). Religious (Hajj, pilgrimages). Sports events.
Question 04 of 150
What is responsible tourism?
Explanation: Responsible tourism (Cape Town Declaration, 2002): Triple Bottom Line: people (social), planet (environment), profit (economic). Differs from sustainable tourism: responsible tourism focuses on actions, not goals. SA: Responsible Tourism guidelines.
Question 05 of 150
What is ecotourism?
Explanation: Ecotourism (TIES): nature-based, educational, conserves environment, benefits local communities, low impact. Examples: Kruger National Park, Kgalagadi, whale-watching (Hermanus). SA: one of world's leading ecotourism destinations.
Question 06 of 150
What are the 9 tourism regions of South Africa?
Explanation: SA 9 Tourism Regions: align with 9 provinces. Western Cape: Cape Town, Winelands, Garden Route. KwaZulu-Natal: beaches, Drakensberg, cultural heritage. Limpopo: Kruger, Big Five. Gauteng: Joburg, Pretoria (cultural, business tourism).
Question 07 of 150
What is the Garden Route?
Explanation: Garden Route: N2 highway from Mossel Bay to Storms River. Major attractions: Knysna Lagoon, Tsitsikamma National Park, Plettenberg Bay beaches, Wilderness beaches, Ostrich farms (Oudtshoorn). Bungee jumping (Bloukrans bridge — highest in the world at 216m).
Question 08 of 150
What is the Big Five?
Explanation: Big Five: originally: most dangerous to hunt on foot. Now: bucket list wildlife experience. SA: best Big Five viewing: Kruger, Pilanesberg, Sabi Sabi, Madikwe. Tourism value: wildlife = major SA competitive advantage.
Question 09 of 150
What is the Kruger National Park?
Explanation: Kruger National Park: established 1898 (Sabie Game Reserve) — 1926 (Kruger). ~2 million ha. 147 mammal species. 517 bird species. Accessible rest camps. SANParks manages. Critical to SA tourism and conservation.
Question 10 of 150
What is Robben Island's tourism significance?
Explanation: Robben Island: UNESCO World Heritage (1999). Tours: ex-prisoners as guides. Mandela's cell. Lime quarry. Blue Slate Quarry. Ferry from Waterfront. One of Cape Town's most visited attractions. Symbol of SA's struggle for freedom and democracy.
Question 11 of 150
What is the Cape Floral Region?
Explanation: Cape Floral Region (Fynbos): UNESCO World Heritage (2004). 9,600 plant species (70% endemic). Table Mountain National Park. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. Proteas (national flower of SA). Fynbos fire ecology. Major biodiversity tourism.
Question 12 of 150
What is iSimangaliso Wetland Park?
Explanation: iSimangaliso (St. Lucia): UNESCO World Heritage (1999). 332,000 ha. Diverse ecosystems: marine, estuary, wetland, savannah. Hippos, crocodiles, leatherback turtles. Whale-watching, diving, fishing. Major ecotourism destination.
Question 13 of 150
What is Hermanus known for?
Explanation: Hermanus: 'Whale Capital of the World.' Southern Right whales (Eubalaena australis). Walker Bay Nature Reserve. Annual Whale Festival (September). Whale crier with horn announces sightings. Easy accessible land-based viewing from cliff paths.
Question 14 of 150
What is the Drakensberg?
Explanation: Drakensberg: 'Dragon Mountains.' Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park (UNESCO, 2000). 3,482m (Injasuti). San rock art (35,000 paintings). Royal Natal National Park. Drakensberg Boys' Choir. Tugela Falls (second tallest waterfall world). Major tourism destination.
Question 15 of 150
What is the Winelands tourism region?
Explanation: Cape Winelands: Stellenbosch (university town, wine estates). Franschhoek (Huguenot Valley, French Huguenot settlement, gourmet restaurants). Paarl (pearl rock, wine routes). Major wine tourism: wine estates, cellar tours, food and wine pairing.
Question 16 of 150
What is MICE tourism?
Explanation: MICE: high yield (business travellers spend more than leisure). Cape Town: CTICC. Johannesburg: Sandton Convention Centre, Gallagher Estate. Durban: ICC (International Convention Centre). SA: MICE strategy: host major international conferences.
Question 17 of 150
What is responsible tourism's environmental principles?
Explanation: Environmental responsibility: reduce, reuse, recycle. Renewable energy (solar lodges in Kruger). Water conservation (critical in SA). Wildlife: don't feed, don't touch, keep distance. Marine: no coral touching. Green rating: Fair Trade Tourism certification.
What is the difference between a tourist and an excursionist?
Explanation: Tourist: overnight + at destination. Excursionist: no overnight at destination (returns home same day). UNWTO: both are visitors. Excursionists: lower spend than tourists. Day trips: Garden Route day trip from Cape Town.
Question 20 of 150
What is accommodation grading in South Africa?
Explanation: TGCSA: independent quality assurer. Hotels, B&Bs, guesthouses, game lodges, backpackers all graded. 1 star: basic. 5 star: luxury. Plaque displayed. Advantages for tourists: quality assurance, informed choice. Advantages for establishment: marketing tool.
Question 21 of 150
What is a tour operator vs a travel agent?
Explanation: Tour operator: creates itineraries, contracts suppliers, assembles package. Wholesale (sells to agents) or retail. Travel agent: retail — sells tour operator packages, flight tickets, accommodation to public. Travel agent: earns commission. Tour operator: margin.
Question 22 of 150
What is heritage tourism?
Explanation: Heritage tourism: battlefields (Isandlwana, Rorke's Drift, Blood River, Anglo-Boer War). Museums (SA Museum, Apartheid Museum, Constitution Hill). UNESCO World Heritage Sites. SA has 10 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Cultural villages (Shakaland, Lesedi).
Explanation: Rural tourism: SA: agritourism (farm stays). Community-based tourism (Limpopo villages). Mapungubwe (Northern Limpopo). Farm B&Bs. Ostrich farms (Oudtshoorn). Contributes to: diversifying farm income, local employment, conservation of rural culture.
Question 25 of 150
What is a national park?
Explanation: SANParks (South African National Parks): manages 21 national parks. Kruger, Table Mountain, Addo Elephant, Kgalagadi (transfrontier), Tsitsikamma, Garden Route (combined), Pilanesberg (North West Parks, not SANParks). Conservation + tourism.
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Question 26 of 150
What is a game lodge?
Explanation: Game lodges: range from budget to ultra-luxury (Singita, &Beyond, Royal Malewane). Activities: morning and evening game drives, guided walks, stargazing. Private game reserves: Sabi Sands, Timbavati. High yield: attract international high-income tourists.
Question 27 of 150
What is the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront?
Explanation: V&A Waterfront: developed 1989-94 in historic working harbour. 25m+ visitors/year. Aquarium, museums, restaurants, hotels, shops. Robben Island ferry. Table Mountain backdrop. Working harbour alongside tourism. Major economic and tourism hub.
Question 28 of 150
What is the role of South African Tourism (SAT)?
Explanation: SA Tourism (SAT): government entity (DEAT). Global offices. 'It's Possible' campaigns. Tourism Month (September). Domestic: 'Sho't Left' campaign. International: media famils, trade shows (WTM London, ITB Berlin). Publishes tourism statistics.
Question 29 of 150
What are the tourism multiplier effects?
Explanation: Tourism multiplier: direct (hotel employs chef). Indirect (hotel buys food from local farm). Induced (farm worker spends salary locally). Multiplier effect: SA: R1 of tourism spend creates R1.50-R2.00 in GDP through linkages.
Question 30 of 150
What is cultural tourism?
Explanation: Cultural tourism: living culture (township tours, Zulu dancers, craft markets). Intangible heritage. SA: incredibly diverse cultures (11 official languages). Cultural villages: Shakaland (Zulu), Lesedi (multi-cultural). Music, food, festivals.
Question 31 of 150
What is accessible tourism?
Explanation: Accessible tourism: physical (wheelchair access, ramps, lifts), sensory (hearing loops, braille), cognitive (clear signage, patience). SA: SANParks: some accessible facilities. Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Universal design principle.
Question 32 of 150
What is the Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg?
Explanation: Apartheid Museum: opened 2001. At Gold Reef City junction. 6 categories at entrance (race classification). Photographs, film footage, artefacts. Internationally recognised as one of world's great museums. Essential Johannesburg stop.
Question 33 of 150
What is the difference between a hotel and a guesthouse?
Explanation: Hotel: branded (Protea, Garden Court, Sun International), standardised service, TGCSA-graded. Guesthouse: typically <20 rooms, owner-operated, personal service, 'home away from home.' Boutique hotel: hybrid — small but luxury brand.
Question 34 of 150
What is the role of SATSA?
Explanation: SATSA: trade body for inbound tourism. Represents: tour operators, destination management companies (DMCs), ground handlers, tourist guides. Publishes codes of conduct. Works with SAT on marketing. TGCSA: grading body (different function).
Question 35 of 150
What is a visa?
Explanation: Visa: types: tourist visa, business visa, student visa, transit visa. SA visa requirements: differ by nationality. Schengen visa: covers most EU countries. Visa-on-arrival. E-visa: online application. Visa-free: based on bilateral agreements.
Question 36 of 150
What is an itinerary?
Explanation: Itinerary: day-by-day travel plan. Includes: transport details, check-in/out times, activities, meal plan, emergency contacts. Tour operators: design itineraries for clients. FITs (Fully Independent Travellers) create own. Essential planning document.
Question 37 of 150
What is the tourism satellite account (TSA)?
Explanation: TSA (UNWTO): measures tourism's GDP contribution. SA: tourism contributes ~2.8% directly, ~6.9% total (2019 pre-COVID). Employment: 1.5m jobs. Foreign exchange: R60b+. Luxury and VFR both counted. More comprehensive than hotel stats alone.
Question 38 of 150
What are the Drakensberg's World Heritage Site values?
Explanation: Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park (UNESCO 2000): Natural value (exceptional beauty, biodiversity, endangered species). Cultural value (35,000 San Bushman rock paintings — largest concentration in Africa). Dual inscription: natural + cultural.
Question 39 of 150
What is the Cape Winelands' significance for tourism?
What is the difference between a front of house and back of house in hospitality?
Explanation: Front of house: first impression. Reception/front desk, concierge, bellhop, restaurant front, bar. Guest-facing: must be impeccable. Back of house: kitchen, housekeeping, laundry, maintenance, offices. Both essential for service delivery.
Question 41 of 150
What is a tourist guide?
Explanation: Tourist guides: CATHSSETA registered. Regional guides (specific province) or National guides. Required qualification: FGASA for nature guides. Guides SA visitors to heritage, natural, cultural sites. Professional service critical for tourist experience.
Question 42 of 150
What is the role of transport in tourism?
Explanation: Transport: air (ORTIA = OR Tambo, major international gateway). Road: self-drive (car rental — Avis, Budget, Hertz), coaches, shuttles. Rail: Rovos Rail, Blue Train (luxury trains). Cruise ships (Durban, Cape Town ports). Transport = accessibility of destination.
Question 43 of 150
What is fair trade tourism?
Explanation: Fair Trade Tourism (FTT): SA-based international certification. Requirements: fair wages, decent working conditions, equitable tourism profits shared with communities. Certified operators: can display FTT logo. Pioneer: SA's FTT launched 2001.
Question 44 of 150
What is Boulders Beach famous for?
Explanation: Boulders Beach: African penguins (jackass penguins). Granite boulders create sheltered bays. Table Mountain National Park (SANParks) managed. One of few accessible land-based penguin colonies in world. Critical for conservation awareness.
Question 45 of 150
What is the Addo Elephant National Park?
Explanation: Addo Elephant National Park: Eastern Cape. 200,000+ ha (land and marine components). 600+ elephants. Big Five + great white sharks (marine component). Buffalo, lions reintroduced. Second largest national park in SA. Water-wise accommodation (water conservation pioneer).
Question 46 of 150
What is dark tourism?
Explanation: Dark tourism (Philip Stone): motivated by fascination with death, tragedy, history of suffering. Examples: SA: Apartheid Museum, Robben Island, concentration camp sites. International: Auschwitz, Ground Zero, Chernobyl. Educational, memorial, or voyeuristic motivations.
Question 47 of 150
What is rural community-based tourism?
Explanation: Community-based tourism (CBT): community owns and operates. Examples: Mapungubwe community projects (Limpopo). Sani Lodge (KZN). Benefits: economic diversification, cultural pride, conservation incentive. Risk: leakage if not properly structured.
Question 48 of 150
What is the Sun City resort?
Explanation: Sun City: Sol Kerzner developed. North West Province (near Pilanesberg National Park). The Palace of the Lost City (luxury hotel). Four hotels. Gary Player golf course. Entertainment centre. Close to Pilanesberg (Big Five). Popular MICE and leisure destination.
Question 49 of 150
What is the Battlefields Route in KwaZulu-Natal?
Explanation: Battlefields Route: 1879 Anglo-Zulu War (Isandlwana, Rorke's Drift). 1899-1902 Anglo-Boer War (Spioenkop, Colenso, Ladysmith). Guided tours by registered battlefield guides. International interest: UK, German, Australian markets. Cemetery maintenance. Heritage education.
Question 50 of 150
What is Blyde River Canyon?
Explanation: Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve: Mpumalanga Escarpment. ~26km long, 800m deep. Bourke's Luck Potholes: geological formations. Three Rondavels: rock formations. God's Window: panoramic view. Panorama Route: links Blyde with Graskop, Pilgrims' Rest (historic gold town).
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Question 51 of 150
What is the economic impact of tourism in South Africa?
Explanation: SA tourism economic impact: R193b direct contribution (2019). Jobs: 1.49m. Foreign exchange: R60b+. GDP: 6.9% total impact. COVID-19: 70% drop in 2020. Recovery: 2022-2024 gradual return. Tourism: priority sector in SA economic strategy.
Question 52 of 150
What is the Johannesburg tourism offer?
Explanation: Johannesburg: largest city in SA. Sandton: business and luxury. Soweto: cultural, struggle heritage (Orlando stadium, Vilakazi Street). Apartheid Museum. Constitution Hill. Gold Reef City. Cradle of Humankind (UNESCO — fossil hominid sites). MICE capital of Africa.
Question 53 of 150
What is the Cape of Good Hope significance for tourism?
Explanation: Cape of Good Hope: Cape Point National Park (part of Table Mountain National Park). Farthest southwest point of Africa (actually Cape Agulhas is southernmost point). Historical: Diaz (1488), Da Gama rounded Cape. Lighthouse, penguin colony at Boulders nearby. Day trip from Cape Town.
Question 54 of 150
What is Mapungubwe National Park?
Explanation: Mapungubwe: UNESCO World Heritage (2003). Limpopo Province (SA-Zimbabwe-Botswana border). Gold artefacts (Golden Rhino — national symbol). Sub-Saharan Africa's first wealthy kingdom. Archaeological significance. Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape. Transfrontier Park.
Question 55 of 150
What is the Cape Town tourism offer?
Explanation: Cape Town: Table Mountain (New 7 Wonders of Nature). V&A Waterfront. Robben Island (UNESCO). Cape Peninsula drives. Cape Point. Boulders Beach penguins. Kirstenbosch (world's 9th greatest botanical garden). Constantia wine estates. Most visited SA destination.
Question 56 of 150
What is the definition of a heritage site?
Explanation: Heritage site: UNESCO: Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) — cultural or natural significance that transcends national boundaries. SA: 10 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. SAHRA (South African Heritage Resources Agency): manages national heritage resources. National Heritage Sites require protection.
Explanation: Tourism crises: COVID-19 (2020): catastrophic for SA tourism. Crime perception: affects tourism (media amplification). Natural disasters: floods, droughts. Response: clear communication, safety protocols, financial support to industry, recovery marketing.
Question 60 of 150
What is the backpacker tourism market?
Explanation: Backpacker tourism: young (18-30), budget-conscious, longer stays, hostel accommodation, independent. Valuable: longer stay, word of mouth, repeat. SA: hostel sector. Cape Town hostel hub. Long Street. Garden Route hostel trail.
Question 61 of 150
What is the Panorama Route?
Explanation: Panorama Route: R532/R36 in Mpumalanga Escarpment. God's Window: panoramic view over lowveld. Bourke's Luck Potholes: cylindrical geological formations. Blyde River Canyon. Graskop. Sabie waterfalls. Pilgrims' Rest historic mining town.
Question 62 of 150
What is Pilgrims' Rest?
Explanation: Pilgrims' Rest: 1873 gold rush. National Monument: entire town preserved. Victorian shops, hotels. Alanglade House (museum). Insider tip: gold panning experience. Near Blyde River Canyon. Heritage tourism example.
Question 63 of 150
What is the Kalahari in tourism context?
Explanation: Kalahari: Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: SA's second largest national park (SA + Botswana). Remote, raw wilderness. Black-maned lions. Massive red sand dunes. Meerkats. Gemsbok (national animal of Botswana). Self-drive 4x4 camping. Unique tourism experience.
Question 64 of 150
What is the Namaqualand flower season?
Explanation: Namaqualand flowers: August-September after winter rains. Northern Cape (Springbok region). Millions of orange daisies, succulents. Depends on rainfall. Unpredictable. SA Tourism: major domestic and international draw. Dirkie Uys tunnel of flowers.
Question 65 of 150
What is the Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape?
Explanation: Richtersveld (UNESCO 2007): Northern Cape. Nama Khoi-Khoi people. Nomadic pastoralists. Half-moon shaped 'haru oms' (portable mat houses). Hartebeeskloof Lodge. Unique cultural and botanical landscape. Integrated nature and cultural heritage.
Question 66 of 150
What is the Wild Coast?
Explanation: Wild Coast: remote, unspoilt, minimal development. Hole-in-the-Wall, Coffee Bay, Port St Johns. Traditional Xhosa homesteads. Donkeys on roads. Nelson Mandela's birthplace (Qunu nearby). Pondoland Marine Protected Area. Eco- and adventure tourism.
Question 67 of 150
What is the role of technology in modern tourism?
Explanation: Tourism and technology: OTAs (Online Travel Agents): Booking.com, Expedia, Airbnb. Review platforms: TripAdvisor, Google Reviews. Social media: Instagram/TikTok travel inspiration. AI chatbots: customer service. Big data: personalised recommendations. Contactless: COVID-19 accelerated.
Question 68 of 150
What is voluntourism?
Explanation: Voluntourism: wildlife conservation (Big Cat Rescue, Elephant Orphanage). Teaching. Community projects. Ethical concerns: 'voluntourism industry' may harm communities (short-term, unskilled volunteers). Best practice: community-led, skills-matching, long-term commitment.
Question 69 of 150
What is the Vredefort Dome?
Explanation: Vredefort Dome (UNESCO 2005): 2 billion years old. 300km diameter (largest impact crater). Vredefort: oldest astrobleme (eroded meteorite impact). Tourism: 4x4, hiking, star-gazing, geological tours near Parys. World's oldest and largest confirmed impact structure.
What is the carrying capacity of a tourist attraction?
Explanation: Carrying capacity: physical (how many fit: Table Mountain cable car queue). Ecological (how many before habitat damage). Social/perceptual (when experience quality degrades). Tourism management: limit visitors (Kruger permit system, Kilimanjaro rules).
Question 72 of 150
What is the role of infrastructure in tourism development?
Explanation: Tourism infrastructure: transport (N2 Garden Route). Airports (ORTIA expansion). Electricity (load-shedding: major SA tourism deterrent). Water (drought: Cape Town 2018). Internet connectivity (for bookings, digital nomads). Health facilities. Crime prevention infrastructure.
Question 73 of 150
What is the difference between push and pull factors in tourism?
What is the difference between mass tourism and niche tourism?
Explanation: Mass tourism: 1960s-90s dominant model. Standardised, high volume, low cost. Negatives: overcrowding, environmental damage, leakage. Niche: specialised interest, smaller groups, authentic, higher yield. SA: positioned for niche (wildlife, adventure) not mass sun-and-sand.
Question 75 of 150
What are the World Heritage Sites in KwaZulu-Natal?
Explanation: KZN has TWO UNESCO World Heritage Sites: iSimangaliso Wetland Park (1999) and Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park (2000 — natural and cultural dual inscription). Both are major KZN tourism attractions.
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Question 76 of 150
What is the role of SA national government in tourism?
Explanation: National government: Department of Tourism. National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS). SA Tourism (national marketing body). Tourism Act: legislation. CATHSSETA: training. Tourism incentive programme. Statistics South Africa: tourism statistics. Local government: bylaw enforcement.
Explanation: SADC tourism region: Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe/Zambia). Chobe (Botswana: largest elephant concentration). Okavango Delta (Botswana). Mozambique beaches. Zimbabwe: Great Zimbabwe ruins. SA: gateway hub. Transfrontier parks: Kgalagadi, Great Limpopo.
Question 79 of 150
What is the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park?
Explanation: Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park: 35,000 km². Kruger + Limpopo NP (Mozambique) + Gonarezhou (Zimbabwe). Peace Parks Foundation (late Prince Bernhard, Nelson Mandela). Removes fences, restores wildlife corridors. Vision: largest protected area in Africa.
Question 80 of 150
What is the role of local communities in tourism success?
Explanation: Community role: without community support, tourism fails. Communities: provide culture (township tours, cultural villages), traditional knowledge (tracking, guides), land access (communal area lodges). Benefit-sharing: fair wages, business opportunities, resource rights.
Question 81 of 150
What is medical tourism?
Explanation: Medical tourism: SA: dental (cheaper than UK/US), cosmetic surgery. India: cardiac. Thailand: cosmetic, dental. Hungary: dental. Growing sector. SA: world-class private hospitals. Medical tourism: high yield, extends hospital capacity utilisation.
Explanation: Sustainable hospitality: energy (solar panels, LED lighting). Water (grey water recycling, water-efficient fittings — critical in Cape drought). Local food sourcing. Waste reduction (composting, recycling). Local employment. Guest education. Green certifications: Fair Trade Tourism, Green Key.
Question 84 of 150
What is a city tourism destination?
Explanation: City tourism: Joburg (Africa's business capital, Soweto heritage). Cape Town (blend: city + nature + beach + wine). Durban (beach + Indian culture + port + water sports). Cape Town: consistently rated in top 10 world cities. Joburg: Africa's largest city tourism market.
Question 85 of 150
What is the concept of leakage in tourism economics?
Explanation: Economic leakage: all-inclusive resorts: 80% of revenue may leave country (foreign owned, imported food, staff from abroad). Community-based tourism: very low leakage (local owned, local employed, local food). SA: mixed leakage profile. Supporting local businesses reduces leakage.
Question 86 of 150
What is the 'Sho't Left' campaign?
Explanation: Sho't Left: SA Tourism domestic marketing. 'Sho't Left' = SA English/township slang for nearby turn. Campaign: encourage domestic travel. Budget-friendly packages. Partner: airlines, hotels, tour operators. Target: middle-income SA families. Tourism Month: September.
Question 87 of 150
What is wildlife rehabilitation in tourism?
Explanation: Wildlife rehabilitation: Drakenstein Lion Centre, HESC (Hoedspruit Endangered Species Centre), CROW (Coastal & Environmental Services). Often open to tourists: educational value. Controversial: 'cub petting': lions bred for petting → canned hunting. Ethical tourism: research before visiting.
Question 88 of 150
What is the significance of food and wine tourism?
Explanation: Food and wine tourism: Cape Winelands: wine estates, cellar tours, restaurant dining. Franschhoek: 'Champagne valley', French Huguenot food culture. La Motte, Haute Cabrière. Cape Malay cuisine (Bo-Kaap). SA wine: internationally recognised. Pairing food with tourism experiences.
Question 89 of 150
What is the significance of sports tourism in SA?
Explanation: Sports tourism: SA: 2010 FIFA World Cup (3m+ tickets, 350,000 international visitors). Rugby World Cup fan travel. Cape Town Cycle Tour (largest individually timed race). Two Oceans Marathon. Comrades Marathon. Events: attract visitors + broadcast internationally = destination marketing.
Question 90 of 150
What are the challenges facing SA tourism?
Explanation: SA tourism challenges: crime and safety perception (media amplification). Visa requirements: some markets have complex processes. Load-shedding: power outages impact accommodation and experiences. Airline: limited international connections. Water: drought risk (Cape Town 2018). Skills: hospitality training gaps.
Question 91 of 150
What is the South African Tourism Act?
Explanation: Tourism Act 3 of 2014: replaced Tourism Act 72 of 1993. Establishes: Tourism Grading Council, SA Tourism mandate, consumer protection in tourism, norms/standards for tourism businesses. Key legislation for NSC Tourism learners.
Question 92 of 150
What is the Consumer Protection Act's relevance to tourism?
Explanation: Consumer Protection Act (2008): tourists as consumers. Rights: right to safe, quality product (accommodation, transport, tours). Right to information (accurate description of products). Right to cancel (cooling off period). Tour operators: cannot disclaim all liability.
Question 93 of 150
What is the role of CATHSSETA in tourism?
Explanation: CATHSSETA: SETA for tourism, hospitality, arts. Registers: tourist guides. Sets: qualifications (NQF levels). Workplace skills plans for tourism businesses. Skills development levies. Hosts: sector training initiatives. Accredits training providers.
Question 94 of 150
What is the Kruger Park's history?
Explanation: Kruger history: James Stevenson-Hamilton (warden 1902-46): 'Skukuza.' Renamed Kruger 1926. 1926: public access. Developed tourist camps (rest camps). Conservation: anti-poaching, predator management. International recognition: IUCN. 1.5m+ visitors annually.
Question 95 of 150
What is the Pilanesburg (Pilanesberg) National Park?
Explanation: Pilanesberg: 572 km², volcanic crater (oldest in world). North West Province. Big Five. 60,000+ animals. Sun City adjacent: resort + nature combination. 2 hours from Joburg. 'Operation Genesis' (1979): animals introduced. Popular Gauteng weekend break.
Question 96 of 150
What is Table Mountain's significance?
Explanation: Table Mountain: 1,086m. Cable car (1929). Flat top: 'tablecloth' cloud. New 7 Wonders of Nature (2011). Table Mountain National Park. 2,200 plant species on mountain. 8.5m visitors/year (pre-COVID) to cable car. Most iconic SA image globally.
Question 97 of 150
What is the role of tour guides in tourism quality?
Explanation: Tourist guides: FGASA (nature guides). CATHSSETA registered. Regional/national/walking/adventure. Quality guide: increases visitor satisfaction, repeat visits, positive reviews. Guides: legal requirement for many restricted areas. Personal interaction: most memorable tourism element.
Question 98 of 150
What is responsible tourism's role in combating animal exploitation?
Explanation: Animal welfare in tourism: exploitative: tiger temples (Thailand), elephant rides, bear bile farms, captive dolphin shows. Ethical alternatives: Elephant Sanctuaries (no riding), legitimate wildlife rehabilitation, wild elephant encounters. SA: ethical game viewing, no staged animal shows.
Question 99 of 150
What is the Zulu cultural experience in tourism?
Explanation: Zulu cultural tourism: Shakaland (KZN): Zulu cultural village. Dumazulu traditional village. Battlefields (Zulu military history). Eshowe (oldest town in KZN, founded 1860). Zulu beadwork, music (Ladysmith Black Mambazo). Warrior traditions. Heritage of Shaka kaSenzangakhona.
Question 100 of 150
What is the Graaff-Reinet significance?
Explanation: Graaff-Reinet: founded 1786. 220 national monuments. Cape Dutch architecture. Reinet House. Valley of Desolation (Camdeboo National Park): dramatic geological formations. Karoo lamb. Heritage tourism destination. Oldest towns: Stellenbosch (1679), Swellendam, Tulbagh, Graaff-Reinet.
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Question 101 of 150
What is the coffee Bay area in tourism?
Explanation: Coffee Bay: Wild Coast. Hole in the Wall (sea arch — local legend: 'Esikhombazane'). Remote. Basic accommodation (backpacker hostels). Xhosa village visits. Accessible by dirt road. Walking trails. Authentic, off-the-beaten-path experience.
Question 102 of 150
What is Jeffreys Bay (J-Bay) known for?
Explanation: Jeffreys Bay (J-Bay): Eastern Cape. Supertubes: perfect right-hand point break. WSL Championship Tour event annually (SA only). International surf tourism. Shell Museum. Good surfing: April-October. Accommodation: from backpackers to boutique. Budget destination.
Question 103 of 150
What is the role of SAHRA?
Explanation: SAHRA: established by National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) 1999. Grades heritage resources: Grade I (national), Grade II (provincial), Grade III (local). Heritage impact assessments for development. Manages: archaeological, geological, marine heritage. Protects: historically significant buildings, sites.
Question 104 of 150
What is Durban's tourism offering?
Explanation: Durban: warm Indian Ocean water. Golden Mile beachfront. uShaka Marine World (Africa's largest sea-world). Victoria Street Market (Indian spices). Moses Mabhida Stadium (2010 World Cup). Indian cultural quarter. Gateway to Drakensberg and iSimangaliso. Major conference centre (ICC).
Question 105 of 150
What are the transport modes used in SA tourism?
Explanation: Transport in SA tourism: Air: ORTIA, CPT, KingShaka (DUR). Road: self-drive tourism (N2 Garden Route, N1 to Cape Town from Joburg). Luxury rail: Blue Train, Rovos Rail. Cruise ships: Cape Town and Durban ports. Car hire: Avis, Budget, Hertz. Internal air: SA Express, FlySafair.
Question 106 of 150
What is the significance of Soweto for tourism?
Explanation: Soweto tourism: Vilakazi Street: Mandela House (museum) + Tutu's house (only street with two Nobel Prize winners). Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum (Soweto Uprising 1976). Orlando Stadium. Street food, jazz, shebeen culture. Township tours: most popular Joburg experience.
Question 107 of 150
What is the role of cruise tourism in SA?
Explanation: Cruise tourism: Cape Town: Cruise Terminal at V&A (deepwater). Durban: Maydon Wharf. International repositioning cruises (Northern Europe to SA). Coastal cruises. Day excursionists: high spend on shore excursions. Cruise passengers: no hotel revenue but restaurant, tour, retail spend.
Question 108 of 150
What is the Groot Constantia wine estate?
Explanation: Groot Constantia: founded 1685. Oldest wine producing farm in SA. Constantia Valley. Cape Dutch architecture (national monument). Wine tasting, cellar tours. SA's most visited wine estate. Wine exported to Napoleon in exile. Cultural + wine tourism.
Question 109 of 150
What is the Valley of a Thousand Hills?
Explanation: Valley of a Thousand Hills: M13 from Durban to Pietermaritzburg. Traditional Zulu umuzis (homesteads). Phe Zulu Safari Park (Zulu culture, reptiles). Craft markets. Scenic hills and valleys. Duzi Canoe Marathon route. Cultural and scenic day trip from Durban.
Question 110 of 150
What is the Comrades Marathon's tourism significance?
Explanation: Comrades Marathon: annual (since 1921). Alternating Up Run (Durban to PMB) and Down Run. ~20,000 runners. 80 countries represented. International runners: bring families as tourists. Economic impact: R300m+ for KZN. Major SA sports tourism event.
Question 111 of 150
What is the Amphitheatre in the Drakensberg?
Explanation: Amphitheatre: Royal Natal National Park, Northern Drakensberg. Tugela Falls: 948m (second highest in world). Mont-aux-Sources (3,282m). Dramatic views. Hiking trails. 4WD and camping. Iconic Drakensberg image.
Question 112 of 150
What is the Zuurberg Mountain Village?
Explanation: Eastern Cape frontier history: Anglo-Frontier Wars (1779-1879). Grahamstown (Makhanda): 1820 Settlers. Great Fish River. Sunday's River. Addo: gateway. Niche heritage tourism. 1820 Settlers Memorial Museum (Grahamstown). Eastern Cape: undervisited despite rich history.
Question 113 of 150
What is the status of tourism education in SA?
Explanation: NSC Tourism: Grades 10-12. Assessed through CAT (continuous assessment tasks). Leads to: NCV (National Certificate Vocational) or university. Tertiary: tourism degrees (UJ, TUT, CPUT). Hospitality: chefs training, hotel management. Skills pipeline for SA's tourism industry.
Question 114 of 150
What is Lesotho as a tourism destination from SA?
Explanation: Lesotho tourism: landlocked, mountainous. Afriski: Africa's only ski resort (Mahlasela Pass). Pony trekking: through mountain villages. Basotho Cultural Village. Sani Pass: 4WD adventure drive (KZN to Lesotho). SA tourists: weekend adventure trip. Visa-free for SA citizens.
Question 115 of 150
What is Eswatini (Swaziland) as a tourism destination?
Explanation: Eswatini: small, landlocked. Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary (hiking with wildlife). Hlane Royal National Park (Big Four without rhino). Swazi Reed Dance (Umhlanga: August-September). Craft markets (Manzini). Malolotja Nature Reserve. Easy SA day/weekend trip.
Question 116 of 150
What is the Twelve Apostles range?
Explanation: Twelve Apostles: mountain buttresses (actually 17) of Table Mountain facing Atlantic. Backdrop to Camps Bay and Clifton beaches. Table Mountain National Park. Iconic sundowner views. Camps Bay: cosmopolitan beach suburb.
Question 117 of 150
What is Robben Island's UNESCO inscription?
Explanation: Robben Island UNESCO: cultural significance (apartheid, imprisonment, liberation movement). Natural significance (jackass penguin colony, Cape gannet). Mixed site. First SA UNESCO site after iSimangaliso (1999). Ferry from V&A Waterfront. Guided by former political prisoners.
Question 118 of 150
What is the Cape Agulhas significance?
Explanation: Cape Agulhas: Africa's southernmost point (not Cape of Good Hope). L'Agulhas National Park. Agulhas Lighthouse: second oldest in SA (1848), now museum. Shark Bay (great whites). Where two oceans 'officially' meet (though mixing is gradual). Southern tip tourism destination.
Question 119 of 150
What is the Cape Point Nature Reserve?
Explanation: Cape Point: part of Table Mountain National Park since 2004. Old and new lighthouses. Flying Dutchman funicular. Fynbos. Baboons (Cape Chacma). Highest commercial bungee point in SA? No — Bloukrans. Cape Point: where cold and warm currents meet (broadly). Dramatic scenery.
Question 120 of 150
What is the route from Johannesburg to Cape Town?
Explanation: N1 Joburg-Cape Town: 1,400km (14-15 hours driving). Scenic: Karoo desert, Hex River Valley, Huguenot Tunnel, Paarl. Overnight: Beaufort West, Matjiesfontein (Victorian village, halfway stop). Alternative: N12 via Kimberley.
Question 121 of 150
What is the Garden Route National Park?
Explanation: Garden Route National Park (2009): merged Tsitsikamma + Wilderness + Knysna National Lakes. Oldest indigenous forest in SA (Knysna). Otter Trail (5-day hiking trail, most famous in SA). Marine ecosystem. SANParks manages.
Question 122 of 150
What is cultural heritage in tourism context?
Explanation: Cultural heritage: tangible (buildings, artefacts, monuments). Intangible (UNESCO: music, dance, oral traditions, traditional crafts, food). SA: Cape Malay cuisine, Zulu beadwork, Khoisan rock art, Xhosa music, Ndebele wall painting.
Question 123 of 150
What is the Otter Trail?
Explanation: Otter Trail: Storms River Mouth (Tsitsikamma) to Nature's Valley. 5 days, 4 nights. River crossings (tides important). Coastal forests, cliffs, beaches. 3,000+ year waiting list (historically). Maximum 12 people per trail. Premier SA hiking experience.
Question 124 of 150
What is beach tourism and its relevance to SA?
Explanation: Beach tourism: KZN: warm Indian Ocean. Umhlanga, Margate, Ballito: domestic. Cape: cold Atlantic (Clifton, Camps Bay: scenic). East London: surf. Plettenberg Bay: upmarket. George: surf. SA beaches: relatively uncrowded, beautiful. International draw.
Question 125 of 150
What is photographic safari?
Explanation: Photographic safari: growing niche. Professional photographic guides. Hides (Mala Mala, Kruger hides). Game drives: early morning light (golden hour). Specialist photographic vehicles. International wildlife photographers. SA: diverse mega-fauna for photography.
Question 126 of 150
What is the Drakensberg hiking trail system?
Explanation: Drakensberg hiking: Giant's Cup Trail: 5-day, 60km, Southern Drakensberg. Cathedral Peak: day hikes to summit. Monk's Cowl: challenging day hike. Champagne Castle: family-friendly. Autumn: best hiking season. San rock art visible on many trails.
Question 127 of 150
What is the economic value of wildlife tourism?
Explanation: Wildlife tourism value: Kruger: R8b GDP contribution. Private game industry: R20b+. Jobs: 100,000+ wildlife sector. Conservation funding: gate fees, concessions. Community wildlife management: economic incentive vs poaching. Game ranching: fastest growing land-use in SA.
Question 128 of 150
What is the Blue Flag beach certification?
Explanation: Blue Flag: Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). Standards: water quality (weekly testing), environmental management, safety and services, environmental education. SA Blue Flag beaches: Hermanus, Umhlanga, Ballito, Wilderness. Marketing value: international visitors recognise standard.
Question 129 of 150
What is Cape Town's tourism infrastructure?
Explanation: Cape Town tourism infrastructure: CTIA (international, major upgrade 2010). V&A Waterfront: tourism hub. CTICC: conference centre. Table Mountain cableway. MyCiTi bus system (public transport). Stadium at Green Point (legacy of 2010). Atlantic Seaboard hotel strip.
Question 130 of 150
What is the significance of the 'Golden Mile' in Durban?
Explanation: Golden Mile: Durban beachfront from uShaka to North Beach. 6km of beaches. Warm Indian Ocean (year-round swimming). Beach volleyball, surfing. Restaurants, hotels. Rebuilt post-2019 floods. Major school holiday (December-January) domestic tourism destination.
Explanation: Maputo Corridor: N4/EN4 from Joburg through Nelspruit, Komatipoort, to Maputo (Mozambique). SADC transport corridor. Tourism: SA visitors to Mozambique (Inhambane, Tofo beach, Vilanculos). Mozambique: Indian Ocean dive sites. Popular weekend destination from Joburg.
Question 133 of 150
What is an all-inclusive resort model?
Explanation: All-inclusive: common: Caribbean, Mediterranean. SA: game lodges often all-inclusive (conservation rationale). High economic leakage if foreign-owned, imported food. SA game lodges: local staff, local food = reduced leakage. Model: balance convenience with local benefit.
Question 134 of 150
What is the significance of OR Tambo International Airport?
Explanation: ORTIA: Oliver Tambo International Airport, Joburg. Renamed 2006 (after Oliver Tambo). 24m+ passengers/year. Africa's busiest airport. International hubs: all major airlines. Terminal A: international. Gautrain: rapid rail link to Sandton and Pretoria. Critical for SA tourism accessibility.
Question 135 of 150
What is eco-rating in SA?
Explanation: Eco-rating: now largely superseded by Fair Trade Tourism certification in SA. Evaluates: environmental practices, community involvement, fair wages. Tourism businesses: display certification to attract responsible tourists. Verification: independent audit.
Question 136 of 150
What is Cape Town's geography's impact on tourism?
Explanation: Cape Town geography advantage: Table Mountain National Park in the city. Atlantic Ocean (surf, cold). False Bay (warm-ish, whale nursery). Constantia Valley (wine, forests). Kalk Bay (fishing village). Cape Peninsula drive. Extraordinary combination of nature and urban. Unique globally.
Question 137 of 150
What is the role of National Geographic in promoting SA tourism?
Explanation: International media: National Geographic Traveller, Condé Nast Traveller, Lonely Planet frequently rank: Cape Town (often #1), Kruger, Drakensberg. Media coverage: organic earned media. SA Tourism: media familiarity trips (familiarisation = 'famil'). Destination image: media shapes perceptions.
Question 138 of 150
What is the annual tourist arrivals target for SA?
Explanation: Tourism Master Plan (2030): target 21m international visitors from ~10m (2019). Economic: R130b in foreign exchange. Jobs: 2.5m direct and indirect. Requires: visa reform, airlift, safety, infrastructure, skills development. COVID-19: set back 5+ years.
Question 139 of 150
What is dark sky tourism?
Explanation: Dark sky tourism: SA: Sutherland (Southern African Large Telescope). Northern Cape Karoo: very low light pollution. SALT: world's largest single optical telescope. Cederberg Wilderness: Dark Sky Reserve. Star-gazing tours. International astronomy tourism. Northern Cape's unique niche.
Question 140 of 150
What is the distinction between a national park and a private game reserve?
Explanation: National park: government. Open access, fixed fees. Conservation primary. Kruger: 2m+ visitors. Private reserve: privately owned (Sabi Sands, Timbavati). Luxury lodges. Exclusive game drives. Higher yields. No day visitors. Adjacent to Kruger (shared boundaries, wildlife crosses).
Question 141 of 150
What is the Magoebaskloof tourism area?
Explanation: Magoebaskloof: Limpopo. 'Place of the chief Modjadji.' Dense indigenous and plantation forests. Debegeni Falls. Waterfalls route. Birding (Limpopo endemic species). Tzaneen: subtropical fruits. Coffee and tea estates. Scenic mountain drive alternative to Kruger.
Question 142 of 150
What is the Two Oceans Marathon?
Explanation: Two Oceans Marathon: Cape Town, Easter weekend. Ultra (56km) + half marathon (21km). 26,000+ runners. 80+ countries. Named for Atlantic and Indian Oceans (Cape Peninsula route). Economic impact: R400m+ for Cape Town. Major sports tourism event.
Question 143 of 150
What is the role of Airbnb in SA tourism?
Explanation: Airbnb in SA: Cape Town: significant presence (50,000+ listings). Arguments for: additional tourism accommodation, income for owners. Against: removes housing from rental market, drives up rents. Short-term rentals: local government regulation increasing globally.
Question 144 of 150
What is the concept of a tourism cluster?
Explanation: Tourism cluster: competitive advantage through co-location. Cape Winelands: wine estates + restaurants + accommodation + tour operators + hospitality schools. Cluster benefits: shared marketing, labour pool, knowledge exchange, supply chain linkages. Porter's diamond: clusters drive competitiveness.
Question 145 of 150
What is the historical significance of the Cape Malay Quarter (Bo-Kaap)?
Explanation: Bo-Kaap: Cape Town. Cape Malay descendants: 17th-18th century slaves from Malaysia, Indonesia, India, East Africa. Brightly coloured houses (each family chose colour post-apartheid). Bo-Kaap Museum. Cape Malay cuisine: bobotie, samosas, koesisters. Walking tours from V&A Waterfront.
Question 146 of 150
What is the importance of visitor information centres?
Explanation: Visitor Information Centre (VIC): located at: airports, town centres, attractions. Services: accommodation bookings, tour bookings, event information, maps. SA: Cape Town Tourism (Visitor Information Centre), Joburg Tourism. Digital transformation: VICs adapting to online visitors who self-serve.
Question 147 of 150
What is the concept of yield management in tourism?
Explanation: Yield management (revenue management): hotel rooms = perishable (can't sell tomorrow's empty room). Variable pricing: peak season (December-January SA): high rates. Off-season: discount to fill. Tools: rate management systems, OTAs. Airlines pioneered. Hotels adopted. SA safari: very seasonal pricing.
Question 148 of 150
What is the Twelve Apostles Hotel significance for tourism?
Explanation: Twelve Apostles Hotel: Camps Bay. Leading Hotels of the World member. Spa, cinema, acclaimed restaurant. Mountain and ocean views. Exemplifies Cape Town luxury market. Cape Town: 5-star growth post-2010. High-end international market. Cape Town vs global competitors: unique combination of nature + luxury.
Question 149 of 150
What is the role of the film and television industry in destination marketing?
Explanation: Film tourism: Cape Town: major global film production hub (HBO, Netflix productions). Black Panther: Wakanda inspired by SA. SA film locations: Cape Winelands, Cape Town, Joburg. 'Set-jetting': visiting filming locations. Cape Film Commission: promotes SA as production destination.
Question 150 of 150
What is Cape Town's 'Mother City' nickname?
Explanation: Mother City: oldest city in SA. VOC refreshment station for ships en route to East Indies. Castle of Good Hope (1666): oldest surviving building in SA. Company's Garden. Bo-Kaap. Table Bay harbour. Cape Town: where SA's history began for European settlement.
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South Africa has 10 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Robben Island, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park, Cradle of Humankind, Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, Cape Floral Region (Fynbos), Vredefort Dome, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains, and the !Khomani Cultural Landscape.
Responsible tourism, as defined by the Cape Town Declaration (2002), means making better places for people to live in and better places to visit. It has three dimensions: Economic (supporting local businesses and livelihoods), Social (respecting local cultures and ensuring equitable benefit sharing), and Environmental (minimising ecological footprint and conserving biodiversity).
A tourist is a visitor who stays at least one night at the destination. An excursionist (or day visitor) visits without staying overnight. Cruise ship passengers who disembark for the day are classified as excursionists, not tourists. The distinction matters for tourism statistics.
MICE stands for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions. It is a high-yield segment of business tourism where companies and organisations bring delegates together for professional purposes. MICE tourists typically spend more than leisure tourists and travel to urban centres with conference facilities.
TGCSA stands for Tourism Grading Council of South Africa. It assesses and grades accommodation establishments from 1 to 5 stars based on quality standards. Grading is voluntary but provides credibility to establishments and helps tourists make informed accommodation choices.
Ecotourism is nature-based tourism that conserves the environment, sustains the wellbeing of local communities, and involves education and interpretation. It differs from general nature tourism by its emphasis on conservation, minimal impact, and direct benefit to local communities. iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the Drakensberg are key ecotourism destinations in SA.
The Blyde River Canyon in Mpumalanga is the third largest canyon in the world and the largest green canyon (unlike the Grand Canyon which is mostly desert). It is part of the Panorama Route which includes God's Window, Bourke's Luck Potholes, and the Three Rondavels. It is a major tourist attraction in the Limpopo-Mpumalanga region.
Dark tourism refers to tourism to places associated with death, tragedy, or suffering. Examples in South Africa include Robben Island (political imprisonment), the Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg, and Hector Pieterson Museum in Soweto. Dark tourism can serve educational and commemorative purposes.